Industrial Robots and Environmental Pollution: Evidence From Chinese Cities

ABSTRACT We analysed the impact of industrial robots on Chinese cities' environment during 2006–2018, using data on pollution emissions and the stock of industrial robots. Urban usage of industrial robots is linked to reduced environmental pollution emissions. This effect is stronger in cities with pilot emission rights, in cities located in SO2 pollution control zones and in larger metropolitan areas with a population of more than 1 million. Industrial robots help reduce urban pollution emissions by substituting labour, increasing productivity, encouraging green technology innovation and transitioning toward efficient energy consumption. Combining industrial robots and policies in China can incentivize enterprises to reduce environmental pollution and foster balanced economic and environmental development.