Prevalence and Risk Factors of Phlebitis Among Hospitalized Patients in Various Wards of a Tertiary Care Hospital in Swat, Pakistan

Background: Phlebitis, which is irritation of a blood vessel usually caused by intravenous (IV) catheterization, is a significant health problem worldwide with a higher predilection in hospital patients irrespective of their ward. Aim: The aim of this study is to assess the proportion of hospitalized patients with phlebitis and to determine factors linked to it. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted over four weeks, enrolling 200 patients with peripheral venous cannulas inserted for 24 hours or longer. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire that included demographic information, underlying health conditions, and the presence of phlebitis. The prevalence was analyzed in relation to demographic variables and the causes of phlebitis. Results: The overall prevalence of phlebitis was found to be 20%, with the highest incidence in the medical intensive care unit (ICU) (30%). Patients aged 31 to 45 years had the highest prevalence (25%), while mechanical trauma was identified as the primary cause (40%). The predominant management strategy involved the application of warm compresses, used for 70% of patients with phlebitis. Conclusion: The findings highlight the need for improved monitoring and management strategies for phlebitis in hospitalized patients, especially in high-risk groups such as those in intensive care settings. Implementing standardized protocols, enhancing staff education, and fostering multidisciplinary collaboration can significantly reduce the incidence of phlebitis. Future research should focus on evaluating the effectiveness of targeted interventions to prevent this complication and improve patient outcomes related to intravenous therapy. This study underscores the importance of vigilance in intravenous catheter management to enhance patient safety in clinical environments.