Optimal coordinated control of distributed energy storage systems using model predictive control

The rapid deployment of renewable generation has underscored the significant need for supplementary system services using Energy Storage Systems (ESS). These systems often feature small capacities and are diversely distributed across the network. This paper introduces a novel coordinated control scheme based on Model Predictive Control (MPC) for distributed converter - interfaced ESS, aimed at exploiting their rapid response capabilities to provide grid-scale fast frequency control services. The scheme manipulates ESS power injections to aggregate dispersed ESS units, enabling them to function collectively as a large, integrated ESS unit capable of providing grid-scale frequency regulation services. The effectiveness of the proposed control schemes is verified through PSCAD-MATLAB co-simulation results using a detailed dynamic model of the CIGRE European Medium Voltage Distribution Network. Additionally, the impact of MPC parameter selection is explored, emphasising the critical importance of proper tuning for optimal control performance.