A clinical retrospective study — the investigation of folic acid concentration in caucasian cancer patients

Introduction . Folates are one of the essential coenzymes for the proper synthesis, stability, and repair of DNA, playing a crucial role in renewing the population of rapidly dividing cells. Folates may act as a “double-edged sword”. Folate in the diet may reduce the risk of cancer. However, folates may contribute to the progression of precancerous conditions or cancer. The study’s primary objective was to evaluate the frequency of folic acid deficiency (FAD) in cancer patients and determine clinical factors associated with FAD. Material and methods. Retrospective data were analyzed from 150 consecutive Caucasian cancer patients admitted to a major oncology hospital for cancer treatment. Folic acid (FA) plasma concentration, cancer and treatment type, histology, staging, comorbidities, nutritional status, body composition, and medical history of ailments were recorded. Results. FAD was diagnosed in 18% of cancer patients. FAD was significantly more frequent in women than in men (81.5 vs. 18.5%; p = 0.028), in squamous cell carcinoma p < 0.001, in patients undergoing radiotherapy p < 0.001 and in dysphagic patients p = 0.011. The anthropometric and biochemical data analysis had no significant relationship with the occurrence of FAD. Conclusions. FAD is more common in women with cancer than in men, regardless of the nutritional status determined by anthropometric or biochemical methods. Gender may play a role when assessing micronutrient status. Nutritional guidelines for cancer patients should include screening for micronutrient deficiencies. Further studies are needed to determine the role, dosage, and duration of FA supplementation recommended for specific cancer diagnoses and gender.