Nutritional and Bioactive Lipid Composition of Amaranthus Seeds Grown in Varied Agro-Climatic Conditions in France

Increasing interest has been devoted to the seeds of the amaranth, a plant that has garnered attention for its multifaceted uses in daily life. In this research, we focused on four genotypes of two amaranth species cultivated in two different sites in the southwest of France. Oil content, fatty acid composition, and unsaponifiable levels were carried out. The lipid composition was analyzed using Gas Chromatography with Flame Ionization Detection (GC-FID) analysis. The total polyphenol contents (TPC) of different seed extracts were measured by a Folin–Ciocalteu assay. Antioxidants and cytotoxic activities were additionally assessed for the methanol (70%), ethyl acetate, and cyclohexane extracts. Results showed that oil content varied greatly and ranged from 4.3 to 6.4%. Lera cultivated at Riscle had the highest squalene yield, reaching 7.7%. Linoleic acid and oleic acid were the most abundant fatty acids for the four genotypes in two sites, followed by palmitic acid. Triglycerides (TAGs) were the main glycerides in all samples growing in both sites. A total of 44 volatile compounds were identified in Amaranthus seed extracts. The chemical compositions of the amaranth have been discussed as influenced by genetic and environmental factors. These data highlight the bioactive potential of the amaranth seed.