Methods of surgical treatment of anterior abdominal wall hernias

The human abdominal wall is a complex multilayer structure consisting of skin, subcutaneous adipose tissue, several muscle layers, preperitoneal fascia, and peritoneum. These anatomical structures attach to each other and to the bones to contain and protect intra-abdominal contents, provide postural support, and maintain abdominal pressure. Understanding the anatomy of the abdominal wall, as well as the mechanism of hernia development, largely determines the choice of therapy method, as well as its success [1]. Surgery is the main treatment option for most hernias through procedures known as herniorrhaphy or hernioplasty. Traditional open surgery involves a large incision in the abdominal cavity, providing direct access to the hernia tissue. Minimally invasive laparoscopic surgery uses small incisions and special instruments, including a camera, for reconstruction. Robotic surgery is performed by a robotic system remotely controlled by a surgeon. Synthetic or biologic mesh is used to reinforce weakened muscles and tissues. It is an integral part of hernia treatment, providing the necessary reinforcement and tension-free closure. Purpose: to review the literature on methods of surgical treatment of anterior abdominal wall hernias. Materials and methods: open sources from PubMed and Cochrane Library databases.