The construction of Taoist temples and the development of Taoism in the north during the Song, Jin and Yuan Dynasties : Focusing on Zezhou, Shanxi

The Song, Jin, and Yuan dynasties represented a pivotal historical period in the development of Daoism, serving as a transitional phase between past traditions and future evolutions. Zezhou was a typical region in northern China reflecting the long-term transformations of Daoism. Based on field investigations and the analysis of inscriptions on temple steles, this study approaches the development of Zezhou Daoist temples from a regional historical perspective, highlighting the influence of the Northern Song Dynasty's advocacy of Daoism and the rise of Quanzhen Daoism during the Jin and Yuan periods on Zezhou's local society. The construction of urban Daoist temples in Zezhou was primarily driven by the official efforts during the mid-to-late Northern Song period, whereas the establishment of rural Daoist temples was largely the result of the spread of Quanzhen Daoism during the Jin and Yuan periods. The wars and social turmoil of the Jin-Yuan transition provided a rare opportunity for the dissemination of Quanzhen Daoism. Many Daoist priests and nuns who established temples in Zezhou during the Jin and Yuan periods had migrated across regions during the Zhenyou (贞祐) military turmoil and, after the conflicts subsided, returned to their hometowns, bringing Quanzhen Daoism back to Zezhou. For Zezhou, the Longmen (Dragon Gate) School of Qiu Chuji and the Suishan (Mount Sui) School of Liu Chuxuan exerted significant influence, while the Panshan (Mount Pan) School of Hao Datong and the Yushan (Mount Yu) School of Wang Chuyi also had a certain degree of impact. 宋金元时期是道教发展承前启后的关键性历史时期，泽州是北方道教长时段演变的典型区域。在田野考察和宫观碑刻文献基础上，从区域史视角出发，泽州道观兴建过程体现了北宋王朝崇道与金元全真道的兴起对于泽州地方社会的影响。泽州在城道观绝大部分与北宋中后期官方推动有关，而在乡道观绝大部分是金元时期全真教传播的结果。金元之际的战乱和社会动荡为全真教的传播提供了难得的机遇，金元时期在泽州创建道观的众多道士和女冠有相当部分都是在贞祐兵火中流寓各地，动乱结束之后返回家乡，把全真教带回泽州地区。对泽州地区来说，丘处机的龙门派和刘处玄的随山派影响较大，郝大通的盘山派与王处一的嵛山派也有一定影响。