A Study on the Problems and Countermeasures of Electric Vehicle Fires in Underground Parking Lots: Focusing on the 4M Analysis Method

This study systematically analyzed electric vehicle (EV) fires in underground parking lots using the 4M framework (Man, Machine, Media, Management) and proposed effective countermeasures. Key issues identified included managerial errors in judgment and lack of training, technical limitations of EV batteries and fire suppression systems, deficiencies in information communication systems, and organizational management shortcomings. To address these issues, the study proposed various measures, such as upgrading fire suppression systems, implementing IoT-based fire detection and alarm systems, mandating the installation of smoke control systems, strengthening regular inspections and maintenance, and introducing systematic education and training programs. Specifically, the study emphasized the need for fire suppression and cooling systems tailored to the unique characteristics of EV fires, the development of next-generation technologies like solid-state batteries, and mandatory maintenance of fire safety facilities. Pilot operations in public facilities and large-scale parking lots were recommended to verify the effectiveness of the response system before gradual expansion. These measures aim to establish the technological and institutional foundations needed to mitigate the rapid spread of EV fires and minimize damage while enhancing overall safety.