Cyber-Physical Security Trends of EV Charging Systems: A Survey

Electric Vehicle Charging Stations (EVCS) are rapidly being built all around the world to support the growing number of Electric vehicles (EVs) on the road. EVCSs hook into critical infrastructure and offer a vital service, so it is very important they remain secure and available, yet they remain vulnerable to a number of attacks. Thus, it is becoming more and more important to examine the security of EVCSs. In this paper, we will explore the current cyber-physical threat landscape faced by EVCSs. First, we examine the protocols used for communication during the EV charging process and their strengths and weaknesses. Next, we discuss the overall cyber-physical security threats of the entire system, as well as Artificial Intelligence-based (AI) solutions to combat these threats. Finally, we present the future research directions.