Real-time Smoothing Against Photovoltaic Power Generation Fluctuation: Case Study and Battery Energy Storage Systems Capacity Size Design

The sizing of the lithium-ion battery energy storage systems is a critical issue in microgrid design. Current microgrids consider renewable energies such as photovoltaic (PV) generators in their design. However, PV power generation is sensitive to atmospheric disturbances, rendering fluctuations in power generation. For stable and safe operation, the PV power generations must obey the restricted ramp rate standards with smoothed power generation, and the lithium-ion battery energy storage systems support the power difference. A real-time smoothing algorithm design is critical to the sizing of the lithium-ion battery energy storage systems. This paper focuses on the sizing issue and relates this issue to the proper smoothing algorithm and its appropriate moving window size. In detail, this paper formulates an objective function of the topic of interest and provides insights into these variables using the PV power generation acquired from a real PV power generator in four seasons.