Backstepping and Passivity-Based Composite Control Method for Stabilizing Voltage in Dynamic Wireless Charging

Dynamic wireless charging (DWC) is an emerging technology designed to alleviate range anxiety by enabling continuous charging for electric vehicles in motion. As an electric vehicle travels over transmitter coils, fluctuations in mutual coupling can lead to variations in output voltage, potentially reducing battery lifespan and causing efficiency fluctuations. In response to these challenges, this paper introduces an innovative composite control method that combines the backstepping control approach with passivity-based control to stabilize output voltage during vehicle travel and changing load conditions. The paper details the design procedure of the proposed composite control method, and simulation results validate its effectiveness in suppressing output voltage fluctuations while the vehicle is in motion, limiting the fluctuation rate to almost 1%. The performance of the proposed controller is analyzed under different operating conditions, such as load changing and voltage reference changing, while the receiver is in motion. The results demonstrate the superior disturbance rejection and robustness of the proposed controller.