Serum Magnesium Level as a Point of Reference for Categorising the Glycaemic Quality in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract Introduction: Magnesium (Mg 2+ ) is a critical micromineral and one of the utmost essential intracellular cations. It works as a co-factor in the different metabolic backlash of carbohydrates. A considerable number of studies have found a tie-up between low serum Mg 2+ levels and uncontrolled blood sugar in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Materials and Methods: This traverse study comprised 107 diagnosed cases of T2DM, including from the Holy Family Red Crescent Medical College Hospital outpatient department, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Fasting blood was collected, and serum fasting blood sugar, serum Mg 2+ concentration and haemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) (HbA1C test is a blood test that shows what your average blood sugar [glucose] level was over the past 2–3 months) concentration were measured. The study participants were grouped into 2 categories because of their glycaemic control (HbA1c) levels, where HbA1c < 7% had clinically reasonable glucose homoeostasis, and T2DM cases with HbA1c > 7 had inadequate management over the blood glucose level. A linear regression model examined the association between serum Mg 2+ and HbA1c. Results: Among 107 individuals’ hypomagnesaemia was (<1.8 mg/dL) observed in 34.6%% of individuals. Among the study subjects, 86% had poor glycaemic control (HbA1c > 7%). When the comparison was made between HbA1c and serum Mg 2+ levels, HbA1c showed significantly higher in patients with hypomagnesaemia. We also observed that 1 mg/dL decreased in serum Mg 2+ increased the HbA1c by 133% ( P = 0.005). Conclusion: Hypomagnesaemia is closely analogous to glycaemic control. A low serum Mg 2+ level reflects a clinically disadvantageous blood sugar management among T2DM patients. So, correcting serum Mg 2+ levels may alleviate the glycaemic status in T2DM patients.