Panallergens: properties and clinical significance

The search for causally significant allergens remains a difficult task despite the successful development of molecular allergy diagnostics. Most patients have reactions when they come into contact with several sources of allergens. One of the reasons for polysensitization may be cross-reactivity, in which specific IgE antibodies against one allergen can bind homologous molecules of another allergen. This means that polysensitization, which is observed at first glance during an allergologic examination, may actually be an allergy to only one type of protein (panallergen). In this case, it is possible to carry out allergen-specific immunotherapy with just one allergen or even one protein (panallergen). This review describes various families of plant and animal origin panallergens, their properties, functions and possible consequences of sensitization of patients with allergies. The review also provides a summary table of protein families of panallergens. Conducting population-based studies and screening of patients with atopy will contribute to gaining new knowledge about panallegens, their contribution to disease manifestations, and the development of effective diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.