Toward the Strongest Nonlinear Optical Response and Largest Birefringence in Solvent‐Free Organic–Inorganic Metal Halides by Hydrogen Bond Engineering

Abstract Organic–inorganic metal halides (OIMHs) have emerged as a pivotal structural framework for discovering novel nonlinear optical (NLO) crystals, but the dominant role of inorganic components in NLO responses has become a major bottleneck to performance improvement. In this study, a protonation‐induced hydrogen‐bond engineering strategy is proposed to introduce robust hydrogen‐bonding sites into the organic group of 4‐N,N‐dimethylamino‐4′‐N'‐methyl‐stilbazolium (DAMS + ) with strong NLO effects. This approach promotes tight bonding and dense stacking between DAMS + and the inorganic chain [Cd 2 Cl 6 ] n 2n− , leading to the synthesis and growth of a new OIMHs‐type NLO crystal [DAMS + ‐Protonation]Cd 2 Cl 6 ([DASH]Cd 2 Cl 6 ). Enhanced hydrogen bonding improves crystallinity and prevents solvent infiltration, ensuring high stability below its melting point (232 °C). Additionally, the protonation process induces a twist in the dimethylamino group of DAMS⁺, which weakens the π‐conjugation effect. This alteration effectively broadens the optical bandgap and shifts the UV cutoff edge to 380 nm. Consequently, [DASH]Cd 2 Cl 6 exhibits the strongest second‐harmonic generation (SHG) response (19 × KH₂PO₄ @1064 nm) and the highest birefringence (0.36@550 nm) among reported solvent‐free OIMHs‐type NLO crystals. This study demonstrates the feasibility of tuning NLO properties through the organic component of OIMHs, offering new insights into the structural regulation and performance enhancement of OIMHs‐type NLO crystals.

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Publication Details

Journal
Advanced Functional Materials
Published
2025-03-05
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202503125
Citations
18
Primary Topic
Nonlinear Optical Materials Research
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
7.69

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article

Toward the Strongest Nonlinear Optical Response and Largest Birefringence in Solvent‐Free Organic–Inorganic Metal Halides by Hydrogen Bond Engineering

Zheshuai Lin, Xingxing Jiang, Yangkai Zhang, Shijia Sun et al.
18 citations
Advanced Functional Materials
Nonlinear Optical Materials Research
7.69
article

Toward the Strongest Nonlinear Optical Response and Largest Birefringence in Solvent‐Free Organic–Inorganic Metal Halides by Hydrogen Bond Engineering

Zheshuai Lin, Xingxing Jiang, Yangkai Zhang, Shijia Sun, Kai Xu, Yong Wu, Hu Chen, Degao Zhong, Lifeng Cao, Yuchao Li, Jinkang Ma, Bing Teng, Degang Xu
article en
18 citations

Abstract

Abstract Organic–inorganic metal halides (OIMHs) have emerged as a pivotal structural framework for discovering novel nonlinear optical (NLO) crystals, but the dominant role of inorganic components in NLO responses has become a major bottleneck to performance improvement. In this study, a protonation‐induced hydrogen‐bond engineering strategy is proposed to introduce robust hydrogen‐bonding sites into the organic group of 4‐N,N‐dimethylamino‐4′‐N'‐methyl‐stilbazolium (DAMS + ) with strong NLO effects. This approach promotes tight bonding and dense stacking between DAMS + and the inorganic chain [Cd 2 Cl 6 ] n 2n− , leading to the synthesis and growth of a new OIMHs‐type NLO crystal [DAMS + ‐Protonation]Cd 2 Cl 6 ([DASH]Cd 2 Cl 6 ). Enhanced hydrogen bonding improves crystallinity and prevents solvent infiltration, ensuring high stability below its melting point (232 °C). Additionally, the protonation process induces a twist in the dimethylamino group of DAMS⁺, which weakens the π‐conjugation effect. This alteration effectively broadens the optical bandgap and shifts the UV cutoff edge to 380 nm. Consequently, [DASH]Cd 2 Cl 6 exhibits the strongest second‐harmonic generation (SHG) response (19 × KH₂PO₄ @1064 nm) and the highest birefringence (0.36@550 nm) among reported solvent‐free OIMHs‐type NLO crystals. This study demonstrates the feasibility of tuning NLO properties through the organic component of OIMHs, offering new insights into the structural regulation and performance enhancement of OIMHs‐type NLO crystals.

Advanced Functional MaterialsVol. 35(31)
Qingdao University (CN), Tianjin University (CN), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN), Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry (CN)
National Natural Science Foundation of China
Openalex Percentile: Top 2%
Nonlinear Optical Materials Research
7.69
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