Policies on Ethnic Minorities in Socio-Economic Development in Vietnam

Objectives: This article examines policies for ethnic minorities in the socio-economic development process in Vietnam. The main objective is to clarify the perspectives, content, and implementation results of ethnic policies, thereby assessing their impact on sustainable development and social equity. Methods: The research applies dialectical materialism, a systematic approach, and historical specificity. Interdisciplinary methods such as analysis, synthesis, statistics, and comparison are used to evaluate ethnic policies based on official documents and previous studies. Results and Discussion: Characteristics of Ethnic Minorities: Vietnam has 53 ethnic minority groups with over 14 million people, mainly residing in mountainous and border regions, playing a crucial role in economic and national security. Policy Perspectives: The Vietnamese government prioritizes equality, solidarity, and mutual support among ethnic groups, ensuring balanced socio-economic development. Policy Content: Key policies include legal framework development, infrastructure investment, education and healthcare support, cultural preservation, poverty alleviation, and economic growth. Achievements: Significant poverty reduction, improved living standards, enhanced infrastructure, education, healthcare, and cultural development for ethnic minorities. Research Implications: This study provides a comprehensive overview of ethnic policies in Vietnam, assisting policymakers in making more effective decisions. It also highlights the importance of maintaining consistent ethnic policies to ensure sustainable development and social equity. Originality/Value: The article emphasizes the close relationship between ethnic policies and socio-economic development while providing an in-depth analysis of policy changes throughout different historical periods. Its distinctive approach combines a comprehensive and interdisciplinary perspective, offering valuable insights into the impact of ethnic minority policies on Vietnam’s overall development.