The Effect of Tactical Approach Exercises According to Error Metrics on Learning the Most Important Offensive Skills for Junior Football Goalkeepers

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effect of tactical approach exercises based on error measurement on the learning of key offensive skills in junior football goalkeepers. The primary objective was to refine their motor programs and enhance tactical decision-making, particularly in executing accurate long throws and kicks. Methods: An experimental design with a single-group pre-test and post-test was implemented. The study involved five junior goalkeepers from two sports clubs in Al-Kut, Iraq. The intervention lasted six weeks and included tactical exercises based on scientific principles, focusing on improving precision in long throws and kicks through game-like scenarios. Error measurement techniques, such as absolute error, constant error, and variable error, were used to diagnose and correct performance deficiencies. Results: The findings revealed statistically significant improvements in both long throw and long kick accuracy after the intervention. The use of error measurement techniques allowed for individualized training adjustments, leading to more precise and consistent skill execution among the participants. Conclusion: The study concluded that tactical approach exercises incorporating error measurement effectively enhance goalkeepers’ offensive skills. It recommended integrating this approach into goalkeeper training programs to improve performance consistency and strategic execution during competition.