Unlocking long-term value in M&A: the role of HR strategies

Purpose This study aims to critically examine the complexities inherent in the pre-merger phase of mergers and acquisitions (M&A), focusing on elucidating the strategic role of human resource (HR) practices in shaping long-term organisational success. Design/methodology/approach The research adopts a qualitative methodology, drawing on extensive secondary data analysis, global and Indian literature and case studies from public sector bank mergers. This approach facilitates a comprehensive understanding of the pre-merger dynamics and their implications for integration outcomes. Findings This study underscores the significance of proactive HR interventions, including employee retention strategies, cultural integration initiatives and leadership alignment, in mitigating challenges such as resistance to change, talent attrition and operational inefficiencies. In addition, it highlights the critical influence of regional cultural variations and HR frameworks on the success of mergers. Research limitations/implications This study primarily focuses on HR strategies during the pre-merger phase, acknowledging that technological integration and regulatory challenges warrant further scholarly attention for a holistic understanding of M&A processes. Practical implications The findings offer actionable insights for practitioners and policymakers, emphasising the necessity of early and strategic HR involvement to align organisational cultures, address employee concerns and establish a robust foundation for post-merger integration. Social implications By fostering employee engagement, preserving cultural integrity and enhancing organisational readiness, this study illustrates how strategic HR practices during the pre-merger phase can contribute to economic stability and societal well-being. Originality/value This research advances the understanding of the pre-merger phase, a relatively underexplored area in M&A literature, by providing empirical evidence and practical recommendations drawn from the context of Indian public sector bank mergers.