Hexa-mobile net for NOMA Rayleigh fading channel estimator via Hexagonal pilot insertion

This research proposes a unique Hexagonal Mobile net for channel estimation and signal identification (Hexa-M), which uses conventional OFDM-NOMA with Hexagonal Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (HQAM) as pilot symbols. Proposed Hexa-M model improves performance, such as in urban 5G networks or IoT setups, highlighting energy efficiency and reduced error rates. The proposed paradigm employs three model of pilot insertion: Comp, Block, and Hexa type. The Hexa-M can detect symbols for all users and at the receiver, it achieves joint flexible signal detection. The HQAM provides superior error performance compared to comparable detectors. Real-world applications of Hexa-M include its potential for improving energy efficiency and reducing latency in urban 5G networks, IoT systems, and resource-constrained environments. The Hexa-M method outperforms current approaches in terms of energy efficiency, outperforming existing strategies by 16.09 %, 19.23 %, 23.2 %, 28 %, and 31 %, respectively.