Biochemical Studies, Antimicrobial Activity and Green Synthesis of Aqueous Extract (AE) of Citrus aurantium Leaves

The goal of this study was to examine the biochemical properties and green synthesis characterization of the aqueous extract (AE) of Citrus aurantium leaves. Exactly 20 grams of the air-dried leaves were ground into powder and mixed with 100 ml of distilled water and ethanol, which were separately shaken overnight and filtered to obtain aqueous and ethanol extracts that were then used for the analyses,using conventional analytical techniques of phytochemical analyses, in vitro antioxidant studies, green synthesis, and antimicrobial studies. The research findings indicated that the AE displayed a wide range of the phytochemical constituents under investigation when compared the ethanol extract. The total phenolic content concentration rose from 20 mg/mL to 100 mg/mL as well as in flavonoids concentration. The FTIR spectra of the C. aurantium showed different absorption peaks for the AE (3951, 3997) cmˉ¹,CuNP (3991, 3967) cmˉ¹, AgNP (3945, 3198) cm̉¹, and ZnNP (3950, 3694) cmˉ¹, respectively. The green synthesis of synthesized nanoparticles of the Citrus aurantium also showed different absorption peaks. Citrus aurantiuma queous extract and its silver, zinc, and copper nanoparticles exhibited a significant percentage of mycelia growth inhibition on the two fungi species (Trichophyton verrycosum and Epidermophyton floccosum) under investigation. These compounds demonstrated strong antibacterial activity by inhibiting the growth zones of four bacteria: Ralstonia solanacearum, E. coli, Pseudomonas glycinea, and Staphylococcus aureus. From the study, C. aurantium was observed to possess medicinal properties to justify its use in ethno-medicinal treatment of diseases that can be used for drug development.