Magnetic chitosan/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites: Hydrothermal synthesis, structural analysis, and application in anthracene removal

Anthracene belongs to the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, which consists of benzene rings, unusually highly stable due to more π-electrons and localized π-bond in entire rings. In this paper, three magnetic chitosan (MCS)–reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites are successfully synthesized using the hydrothermal method. They are applied for anthracene removal from aqueous solutions as a low-cost, easy-to-synthesis, and environmentally friendly material. The synthesized samples are characterized by x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometry, a vibrating sample-magnetometer, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Fast removal of anthracene is achieved within 60 min. The removal efficiency is ∼72%, 89%, and 86% for MCS, magnetic chitosan and reduced graphene oxide 40 (MCS–RGO40), and magnetic chitosan and reduced graphene oxide 60 (MCS–RGO60), respectively. The MCS–RGO60 nanocomposite exhibits fast adsorption of anthracene with a significant adsorption capacity (qmax = 1006.9 mg g−1) at 60 min. Fast adsorption processes often lead to a reduction in operational costs and energy consumption, as the process can be completed more quickly, making it more suitable for applications where rapid treatment is essential. The isotherm study shows the samples follow both Langmuir and Freundlich absorption models. The fit of both models allows for a more multipurpose interpretation of the adsorption process, making it easier to apply the findings across different systems or conditions, which is critical in a complex environment. This is particularly useful when applying it to different pollutants. The results show successful removal of the anthracene. The nanocomposite is effectively separated using an external magnet. This nanocomposite is a great alternative to remove anthracene from water.