Semen parameters in transgender women and gender-diverse people assigned male at birth using gender-affirming hormones: cohort study and scoping review

Consistent with prior limited data, in a cohort of TG women and GD people assigned male at birth using gender-affirming hormones, semen parameters were abnormal and often azoospermic. The ability to produce motile sperm may be associated with less hypothalamic suppression (higher luteinizing hormone and testosterone levels). Providing an inclusive and private environment may ease some of the challenges associated with collection.