Emphysematous pyelonephritis: A rare and severe form—case report

Emphysematous pyelonephritis is a necrotic infection of the kidney characterized by gas production within the kidney parenchyma, which can extend through the renal capsule into the perirenal space. Computed tomography scan is the gold standard for diagnosis and helps classify the condition into 4 prognostic stages, guiding therapeutic decisions. This condition typically occurs in individuals with underlying risk factors such as diabetes mellitus, and its management depends on the stage of the disease. The case we are reporting involves a 55-year-old man and highlights the importance of early diagnosis and staging in determining appropriate treatment strategies to prevent renal damage or systemic complications.