Spontaneous splenic rupture in systemic lupus erythematosus: A rare case report and review of pathophysiological insights

This case report details a rare instance of atraumatic splenic rupture presenting as minimal clotting hemoperitoneum in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) undergoing immunosuppressive therapy. This uncommon complication highlights the potential for systemic lupus to impair splenic hemostasis, immunity, and filtration, posing risks to functional and life prognosis, particularly in cases of sudden, significant hemoperitoneum. While acute presentations are typical, progressive forms may also manifest. Hemostatic splenectomy remains the definitive treatment. This case emphasizes the importance of recognizing the clinical and radiological features of splenic complications in SLE and provides insights into post-treatment outcomes.