Insights into inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor: A complex and challenging diagnosis

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT), also known as inflammatory pseudotumor or plasma cell granuloma, is an uncommon soft tissue tumor of mesenchymal origin with low to intermediate malignant potential. IMTs are most commonly located in the lung, abdomen/pelvis, or retroperitoneum, primarily affecting children and young adults. Although metastasis is rare, IMTs can recur after surgical resection, as oftentimes resection is limited due to infiltration with surrounding tissue. Here, we present a challenging case of IMT in a 22-year-old male who presented with chest pain and shortness of breath. Extensive diagnostic workup, including multiple biopsies and imaging studies, raised suspicion of malignancy, though initial biopsies failed to confirm a diagnosis. This case highlights the diagnostic difficulties and the importance of a coordinated approach in the diagnosis and management of IMT.