Status of Physical Health, Nutrition and Substance Use Habits of the Women in Rural Maharashtra During Post-COVID-19

The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated health vulnerabilities among elderly women in rural Maharashtra, driven by socio-economic, cultural, and healthcare disparities. This study examines their physical health, nutrition, and habits during the post-COVID-19 period through a quantitative, cross-sectional survey conducted across 34 districts from April to December 2022. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire covering health status, chronic diseases, substance use, dietary habits, physical activity, and psychological impacts. Findings show that 80% of respondents perceived their health as normal or good, yet 83% lacked access to health cards or routine check-ups. Chronic diseases, including diabetes, hypertension, and heart disease, affected 40% of participants, with significant awareness gaps in those over 80. Substance use was low, with 11% reporting tobacco use and minimal alcohol or other substance use, likely influenced by stigma. Dietary habits revealed limited meal frequency, with poverty and gender disparities worsening hunger levels. Only 39% engaged in physical activity, and television was the primary source of entertainment. The study highlights critical healthcare access gaps, nutritional challenges, and low health awareness among rural elderly women. Addressing these issues requires targeted healthcare interventions, enhanced health education, and socio-economic support to improve their well-being. Key words: Elderly women, rural health, post-COVID-19, nutrition, chronic diseases, healthcare access, substance use, physical activity, Maharashtra