The role of the immune state of the endometrium in the recurrent implantation disorders and miscarriages

The immune response is strongly affected by metabolic and nutritional parameters, inflammatory exposures and autoimmune conditions, and age. Inflammatory health conditions, including intestinal microbial dysbiosis, hyperglycemia, metabolicdysfunction, and dietary deficiencies, particularly vitamins A and D, can interfere with both innate and adaptive immunities and form readily tractable targets for infertility treatment. High-risk women with previous reproductive and pregnancy conditions are an obvious target for preconception care to boost immune function. Addressing these and related clinical, nutritional, and lifestyle considerations should form a key part of pregnancy planning