Diagnostic accuracy of plasma microRNA as a potential biomarker for detection of endometriosis

Endometriosis is a complex condition with a wide range of clinical manifestations, presenting significant challenges, particularly for young women. Its diverse and often perplexing presentations pose difficulties within the medical community. Laparoscopy remains the gold-standard diagnostic tool for endometriosis. However, alternative diagnostic methods are valuable for monitoring disease progression, assessing the likelihood of recurrence, reducing the need for surgical procedures, and facilitating timely decisions regarding fertility concerns. Recent research highlights the potential of microRNAs (miRNAs) as an alternative diagnostic test for endometriosis. A case-control study was conducted at the infertility unit of Arash Women's Hospital, involving 50 female participants, 25 with endometriosis and 25 without it. Plasma samples were collected and analyzed for the expression levels of 16 miRNAs using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Diagnostic accuracy measures were evaluated to establish a reliable and comparable diagnostic framework. Compared to the control group, downregulation of 11 miRNAs and upregulation of 5 miRNAs were observed in the case group. Regarding expression patterns, evidence from this study indicates that half of the evaluated miRNAs fall into the high-agreement category with similar studies. Sensitivity (SN) of the evaluated miRNAs ranged from 64.0% to 88.0%, while specificity (SP) ranged from 56.0% to 88.0%. The area under the curve (AUC) was reported between 0.619 (miR-135a) and 0.846 (miR-340). These findings suggest that the evaluated miRNAs demonstrate moderate to acceptable diagnostic accuracy for endometriosis.