Mindset of children at elementary school; growth or fixed? content analysis of Farsi elementary school books

Background and Purpose: Mindsets are presuppositions that each person holds about the flexibility or constancy of human characteristics.The purpose of this research was to analyze the content of Farsi elementary school books based on Dweck's theory of mindset to figure out to what extent and how mindsets are introduced to students.Method: This was a descriptive study with content analyze method.The statistical population of the research consisted of six volumes of Farsi elementary school books, published in 2023.Total population sampling was conducted, and the sample size was equal to the population.To collect data, a checklist for measuring the four components of mindset was used.Its content validity was confirmed by the experts' opinion method.The reliability by Holsti Index; 0.96.The results were analyzed by SPSS27 and 2 test. Results:The results showed that in Farsi books' emphasis on mindsets and its components was not the same and the emphasis on growth mindset was significantly more than fixed mindset.In the components, the most emphasis is on belief in the usefulness of effort, strategy after failure, achievement goals and failure attribution, respectively (p=0.001).The trend of mindsets expression in Farsi books is non-linear from the first to the sixth grade.Conclusion: Farsi books emphasize growth mindset rather than fixed mindset.However, its trend from the beginning to the end of primary school is not in full accordance with the developmental trend of mindset and in the fourth to sixth grades, there is a greater need for the encouraging content of the growth mindset.