From NAFLD to MASLD: transforming steatotic liver disease diagnosis and management

The transition from non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) represents a significant evolution in the nomenclature of steatotic liver disease. This updated terminology emphasizes metabolic dysfunction as a central criterion, offering greater precision and improved risk stratification. MASLD broadens the scope of liver disease classification by incorporating individuals with diverse metabolic profiles, including lean patients with hepatic steatosis, and aligns clinical practice with the multifactorial nature of this condition. The global adoption of MASLD creates opportunities for standardization in clinical and research settings, facilitating multicenter collaborations and enhancing the development of diagnostic tools and therapeutic strategies. However, the adoption of this new nomenclature poses challenges, including potential confusion during implementation, cultural and linguistic barriers, the integration of MetALD, and the need for educational initiatives targeting healthcare providers and patients. Further efforts are required to refine diagnostic criteria, address implementation challenges, and seamlessly incorporate MASLD into international coding systems. This review evaluates the key advantages and ongoing challenges associated with MASLD, providing a comprehensive analysis of its impact on clinical practice, research, and global health strategies.