Improved Swarm based Distributed Energy- Efficient Clustering Protocol for IoT Network using Hybrid Optimization Method

Technology, economics, government, and management are just a few of the essential components that are integrated in a smart city, which emphasizes certain connectivity needs. In smart city projects, wireless technologies like ZigBee, Bluetooth, 4G, WiMax, WiFi, and LTE have shown to be effective communication tools. But as unlicensed noise and bandwidth problems become more common, IoT is being used to solve these problems. This article suggests an improved Swarm Distributed Energy-Efficient Clustering Scheme (ES-DEEC) protocol for Internet of Things networks in order to solve the issues of resource allocation (RA) and routing. This strategy, which is based on hybrid optimization techniques (PSO-GWO), optimizes IoT devices and gateway allocation by utilizing meta-heuristic methodologies and data clustering. It also presents a routing technique called swarm optimization, which is influenced by nature. MATLAB simulations are used to illustrate the effectiveness of the ES-DEEC approach, and experimental findings are contrasted with those of the current ECRR method in terms of energy consumption (EC), packet delivery ratio (PDR), network longevity (NLT), and network throughput (TH)..