Rasmussen Encephalitis: A Pediatric Case Report on Diagnosis and Management

We report the case of a 16-year-old female, presenting with seizure activity consistent with Rasmussen encephalitis, a rare, progressive neurological disorder characterized by drug-resistant focal seizures and progressive neurological decline. The patient had a prior history of epilepsy, right hemiparesis secondary to a cerebrovascular accident (CVA) at age six, and was on multiple antiepileptic drugs. Diagnostic imaging revealed left cerebral hemisphere atrophy with gliotic changes, confirming Rasmussen encephalitis. Management included an intensive antiepileptic regimen, supportive care, and immunotherapy with IV immunoglobulins. This case highlights the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges associated with Rasmussen encephalitis, emphasizing the importance of early recognition and multidisciplinary care.