CYP17 Genetic Polymorphism among Female Patients with Breast Cancer, A retrospective Study at Central of Sudan

Background: Estradiol (E2) has a significant impact on the development and progression of breast cancer via oxidative metabolism. It regulates cell proliferation and death in breast tissue by interacting with the Estrogen Receptor (ER). The CYP17 gene, which is essential for estrogen metabolism, has been linked to an increased risk of breast cancer. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine blood levels of estradiol and the association between three different CYP17 gene types and breast cancer risk in Sudanese women who went Wad-Madani Teaching Hospital in Gezira State. Methods: Before participating in this experimental case study, 130 female breast cancer patients were completed consent forms. Blood samples were used to measure estradiol levels, and PCR and RFLP analysis were used to figure out the CYP17 genotype. Structured questionnaires helped us collect clinical and socioeconomic data. SPSS Version 19.0 was used for data analysis. Results: The majority of patients had ductal carcinoma, with stages III and IV being most prevalent (P=0.004). Of postmenopausal women, 35.5% had elevated estradiol levels (P=0.009). The CYP17 M1 (A1A1) genotype was linked to a lower risk of breast cancer (P=0.004) in postmenopausal women, but the M2 (A1A2) genotype showed no significant link (P=0.101). The M3 (A2) genotype had a big effect on premenopausal Sudanese women (P=0.075) and seemed to raise the risk of breast cancer (OR=2.305, 95%). CI: 0.843-6.301. Conclusion: Postmenopausal individuals may have an increased risk of breast cancer when exposed to estradiol (E2). The CYP17 M3 (A2A) polymorphism is also highly associated with higher breast cancer risk in premenopausal Sudanese women. These genetic variations might serve as indications for assessing the Sudanese population's breast cancer risk.