Determinants of residential satisfaction: an actual-aspiration gap theory analysis in low-cost condominium housing, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Residential satisfaction is a critical factor in evaluating housing programs; however, research that applies the Actual-Aspiration Gap Theory remains scarce, particularly in Ethiopia. This study contributes to the global housing discourse employing this theory to examine determinants of residential satisfaction among low-cost condominium residents in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Data were collected from 400 households living in four neighborhoods using stratified random sampling. The study analyzes how socio-demographic factors and perception-aspiration gaps across housing dimensions and attributes influence residential satisfaction. Descriptive and regression analyses revealed moderate overall satisfaction levels, with higher satisfaction reported for the social environment and neighborhood facilities. Two regression models were employed which significantly explained 57.6% and 65.3% of the variance in satisfaction across most housing features gaps, affirming the application of actual-aspiration gap theory in low-cost housing. Significant predictors include number of rooms, electrical installation, housing location, local street and greenery, urban center accessibility, social interactions, and crime level, alongside socio-demographic factors such as length of residence, family size, and employment type. Hence, to improve satisfaction, housing policymakers and planners should prioritize bridging perception-aspiration gaps. Future research incorporating longitudinal and cross-cultural analyses is essential to enhance generalizability, and capture evolving needs and refine housing strategies.