Cross-Layer Design For Pso-Based Clustering And Routing In Wireless Sensor Networks

This paper proposes a new method in which the PSO-based clustering is integrated into the multi-layered network protocol stack of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) including MAC and physical layers. Together, the methodology proposed is aimed at improvements in network performance as a whole by exploiting the synergies of these layers to maximizing energy, throughput, and network lifetime. This integration aims at determining the best cluster heads and forwarding nodes according to residual energy and space distribution, in addition to addressing Medium Access Control besides Transmission Power Control. The evaluation of different methods for combining local and global search, the role of self-adaptive learning factors and inertia weights, and the efficiency of adaptive communication protocols are assessed. By reducing communication overhead and achieving holistic optimization, the all-encompassing methodology seeks to increase network efficiency and prolong the operating life of WSNs.