Development of a Comprehensive Frequency Control Model for the GB Power System: A Research and Educational Tool

A modelling of three interconnected areas based on Great Britain's (GB) power system for frequency control offered a wide range of stability analyses for both under and postgraduate studies. The system inertia was counted according to the generation amount for the current system and the year 2035. The areas were assigned according to the GB transmission boundaries. This includes the north zone which is above the B7a boundary, the South is below the B9 boundary, and the Midland is in between. Each area has an aggregated model of each generation for Gas, Coal, Hydro, Nuclear, wind, and others as well as an aggregated load. The wind farms were divided into offshore and onshore and did not participate in frequency regulation or ancillary services. Automatic Generation Control (AGC) was used in each area to regulate the area frequency according to the system frequency. Area Control Error (ACE) was used in the proposed model as the total summation of the area frequency error alongside the power deviation of the transmission lines (tie-lines) with other areas. The main goal was to evaluate the effect of power system stabilizers (PSS) on system stability under disturbances, such as three-phase faults and resonance conditions. Results showed that wide-band PSSs offer superior stability by effectually damping low-frequency oscillations, while Delta PSS established better performance in mitigating the impact of generator resonance. The outcomes highlight the importance of integrating modern PSSs in large generators to improve dynamic stability and reduce the risks associated with resonance.