The Impact of Amphora sp. Supplementation on Growth, Immunity, and Pathogen Resistance in Post-Larvae Pacific White Shrimp

Shrimp farming plays a critical role in global aquaculture due to increasing demand and economic, and environmental challenges. Sustainable practices, such as microalgae supplementation, are being increasingly adopted. This study evaluates the effects of Amphora sp. supplementation on growth, survival, and immune response in Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Results showed that diets enriched with 15 % Amphora sp. was highest significant SDA and EPA content, improved growth, feed efficiency, and resilience against Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Total hemocyte count, phagocytotic activity were increased after 3 and 6 weeks of feeding, and LvALF B gene expression was activated after 6 weeks of feeding. These results highlight the potential of using Amphora sp. as a sustainable dietary supplement in shrimp aquaculture, particularly for promoting growth performance and resistance to V. parahaemolyticus in post-larval Pacific white shrimp. HIGHLIGHTS Amphora sp. supplementation in shrimp diets boosts omega-3 levels, including SDA and EPA, improving growth, survival, and disease resistance. A 15 % Amphora sp. supplementation showed the highest growth performance (MBW, SGR, FER) and enhance survival rate against Vibrio parahaemolyticus through elevated LvALF B gene expression, THC, and PA. Amphora sp. is a promising supplement for enhancing MBW, SGR, FER and V. parahaemolyticus exposure in cultivation of PL15 to juvenile Pacific white shrimp. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT