Comparative Lipidomics and Growth Response of <i>Flammulina velutipes</i> Mycelium under Blue and White LED Light Spectra and Various Intensities

Mushroom mycelia, such as Flammulina velutipes (enokitake), have significant potential as food resources and models for fungal biology. This study investigated the effects of blue and white LED lights, each at varying intensities (5, 10, 15, and 20 μmol·m–2·s–1), on the biomass production, growth rate, and lipidome composition of two F. velutipes strains. Results indicated that blue light significantly enhanced biomass production and growth rate, especially at 10 μmol·m–2·s–1, increasing biomass by 74.60% and 52.96% for the two strains compared to white light. Lipidomics revealed PE 18:2_20:3, PC 18:2_19:2, and Cer t19:1_16:0 as core lipids responsive to blue light, while PC 18:2_18:3 and PE 18:2_18:3 increased under white light. Pathway analysis highlighted the upregulation of glycerophospholipid, arachidonic acid, and sphingolipid metabolism in different light spectra. These findings underscore the role of light spectra in the regulation of mycelial growth and lipid biosynthesis for controlled environment agriculture.