Diagnosis and Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease Targeting the Amyloid Beta (Aβ

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a major public health challenge, with its prevalence expected to rise dramatically in the coming years.The amyloid hypothesis suggests that amyloid beta (A) plays a key role in the pathophysiology of AD, causing neuronal dysfunction and cognitive decline.This review provides an overview of recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of AD, with emphasis on the role of A.Diagnostic criteria for AD have evolved to include clinical biomarkers such as brain amyloid markers detected by positron emission tomography (PET) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis.Emerging research suggests that retinal hyperspectral imaging may be a promising non-invasive biomarker of brain A status.While current therapeutic options for AD are primarily focused on symptomatic relief, there is growing interest in disease-modifying treatments (DMTs) aimed at modulating A pathology to alter the disease trajectory.Aducanumab, the first FDA-approved disease-modifying therapy for AD, represents a significant breakthrough in this regard.Other monoclonal antibodies targeting A, such as Donanemab, Lecanemab, and Gantenerumab, are currently being studied in clinical trials.The integration of novel diagnostic approaches and disease-modifying therapies targeting A pathology holds the promise of improving patient outcomes and reducing the societal burden of AD.