Paprika-Induced Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis: A Report of a Rare Case

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is an interstitial lung disease caused by exposure to environmental antigens in susceptible individuals. It is a type IV hypersensitivity reaction. The antigens involved in HP are numerous, but their identification is challenging. We report the first clinical case of HP associated with exposure to paprika. The diagnosis was confirmed based on the patient's exposure history, chest imaging, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid analysis, and pathological findings. Avoidance of antigens and treatment with glucocorticoids resulted in symptom relief. Follow-up chest imaging showed no ideal improvement; immunosuppressants or antifibrotic drugs may be considered in combination if necessary. The case highlights that individuals working in paprika production and processing should take preventive measures to avoid chronic pulmonary fibrosis.