Utilization of the Terra-MODIS Satellite for Analysis of the Urban Heat Island Phenomenon in Balikpapan City as a Non-Military Defense Effort

Cities act as centers of activity that make them attractive for people to migrate. This increases the productivity of built-up land. However, the impact of this expansion is the increase of temperature in urban areas and the decrease of temperature around them, which is known as Urban Heat Island (UHI) phenomenon. Therefore, this research aims to analyze the UHI phenomenon in Balikpapan City by using remote sensing technology through Terra-MODIS satellite. Terra-MODIS satellite images are used to measure Land Surface Temperature (LST) and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). The urban area studied is Balikpapan City. The data used includes images from 2000 to 2023. The results show the existence of UHI phenomenon in Balikpapan City. This emphasizes the need for non-military defense strategy in vegetation improvement and preservation to reduce the risk of UHI.