Investigating the Effects of Calcination Temperature on CdO Nanorods for Performance of Advanced Supercapacitors

The function of supercapacitor electrodes was enhanced using Cadmium Oxide (CdO) nanorods synthesized at different calcination temperatures via a wet chemical technique and characterized. Structural analysis revealed changes in crystalline properties and size with varying calcination temperatures. The morphology of CdO nanorods, which exhibits uniform size, is suitable for application as supercapacitors. Temperature-dependent changes in crystalline characteristics were revealed by structural investigations. Galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD) and cyclic voltammetry investigations support the pseudo-capacitive charge storage mechanism of CdO. A 169 F g −1 specific capacitance was obtained for the CdO nanorods electrode material from the GCD profile, showing excellent capacitive retention of 84% for 100 cycles. This shows that pure CdO has high electrical conductivity, making it a better electrode material for supercapacitor application without doping. As scan rate increased, the specific capacitance dropped, suggesting less ion diffusion. Measured energy and power densities show promising results, with maximum values of 164 Wh kg −1 and 25 kW kg −1 , respectively, at 1 A g −1 . Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy demonstrates low equivalent series resistance values (98 Ω after CV, 195 Ω after GCD), highlighting CdO nanorods’ suitability for supercapacitor applications. CdO nanorods show promising capacitive behavior, suggesting that they have the potential to be useful and affordable materials for energy storage.