Design of a graphene antenna with gain enhancement via a hemispherical lens for 6G wireless systems

Abstract This paper presents a graphene antenna with large bandwidth and high gain working in the 0.3-0.6 THz frequency range for 6G applications. The proposed antenna is printed on a silicon dioxide ( SiO 2 ) substrate with a dielectric constant of 11.9 and a thickness of 30 μ m. Thus, the gain achieved over the 0.3–0.6 THz range varies from 5.96 to 7.35 dB. To enhance the gain of the proposed antenna to meet the need for 6G applications in the THz band, we have placed a hemispherical lens, made of Teflon with a dielectric constant of 2.1, on the antenna structure at a separation distance of 200 μ m. Consequently, the gain has been increased and ranged between 9.63 and 12.4 dB across the operating frequency band of 0.31–0.69 THz with a significant bandwidth of 0.38 THz. The total antenna dimensions are 480 × 440 × 869.76 μ m 3 . The proposed antenna is an excellent candidate for 6G applications in THz frequencies.