Does Wilms Tumour-1 Gene Mutation Affect Treatment Options and Response in Acute Myeloid Leukaemia?

Aim: The prognostic impact of Wilms tumour-1 (WT-1) mutations is controversial for patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). In this study, we aimed to determine the clinical effects of WT-1 mutations. Methods: We retrospectively analysed the data of a total of 139 patients with AML, 50 negative and 89 positive, in whom WT-1 analysis was performed at the time of diagnosis. Results: Among the patients, 47% were female and 53% were male; median age was 62 (18-88) years in the WT-1 negative group and 47 (18-90) years in the WT-1 positive group; median follow-up period was 5 (1-144) months in the WT-1 negative group and 28 (1-110) months in the WT-1 positive group. When the induction treatments were analysed, the regimen containing idarubicin and cytarabine was the most commonly used regimen in both groups (73% in the WT-1 positive group and 36% in the WT-1 negative group). When the response to treatment was evaluated in WT-1-negative and positive groups, complete response was 58% to 80% for WT-1-negative and positive groups respectively; partial response was 14% to 2%; refractoriness was 26% to 16%, respectively. Recurrence was 16% in the WT-1 negative group and 5.6% in the positive group. The survival rate was found to be 64% in the WT-1 negative group and 67.4% in the positive group. Conclusion: It is uncertain whether the WT-1 test will be interpreted in diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up, or if its prognostic significance and future studies are much needed.