Biomarkers identifying deterioration of kidney graft function — usefulness of “liquid biopsy”

One of the important challenges of modern transplantology is identifying signs of deterioration in kidney graft function as early as possible and starting effective treatment. While the gold standard in graft monitoring is still the needle biopsy, novel biomarkers with no counterindications and barely any procedure- associated side effects, rise as promising tools. In this review, we summarize up-to-date knowledge about novel biomarkers that can serve as “liquid biopsy” to identify deterioration in graft function in kidney transplant recipients.