Espondilosis: Una Revisión Integral sobre Etiología, Diagnóstico y Tratamiento

Introduction: Spondylosis is a degenerative disease affecting the spine, characterized by changes in the intervertebral discs, vertebrae, and facet joints, associated with aging, pain, and disability. Objective: To provide a comprehensive review on etiology, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of spondylosis. Design: Literature review of studies between 2000 and 2023. Data source: PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar. Study selection: Clinical trials, cohort studies, case-control studies, and systematic reviews. Results: Etiology includes genetic, biological and environmental factors, with diagnosis based on clinical evaluation and imaging studies (X-ray, MRI, CT). Treatment depends on severity of symptoms and structural damage, with conservative options (medications, physiotherapy, lifestyle changes) and, in severe cases, surgical intervention. Conclusions: A comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach is crucial to improve treatment outcomes and quality of life for patients with spondylosis.