Lifshitz transition and triplet <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>p</mml:mi></mml:math>-wave pairing from the induced ferromagnetic plaquette via spin differentiated nonlocal interaction

We study the two-dimensional extended Hubbard model on a square lattice and incorporate spin-differentiated nearest neighbor (NN) interactions where the equal-spin (${V}_{uu}$) and unequal-spin (${V}_{ud}$) terms are independently tuned parameters. We compute single-particle excitations as well as static spin and pairing susceptibilities perturbatively up to fourth order within the thermodynamic limit and at a finite fixed temperature. By explicitly encoding a ferromagneticlike NN interaction (${V}_{uu}&lt;{V}_{ud}$), we induce a competition among the uniform $q=(0,0)$, collinear $q=(\ensuremath{\pi},0)$, and staggered $q=(\ensuremath{\pi},\ensuremath{\pi})$ spin excitations. This results in the formation of short-ranged $2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2$ ferromagnetic plaquettes arranged in staggered or striped patterns. Kinetic frustration in hopping, both within and between these plaquettes, manifests in single-particle properties, resulting in a reduction of bandwidth and ultimately triggering a Lifshitz transition to quasi-one-dimensional bands. Furthermore, an attractive effective interaction within the localized ferromagnetic plaquette results in the emergence of equal-spin triplet $p$-wave pairing. We demonstrate that sufficiently strong magnetic fluctuations, even at finite length scales, can significantly influence single-particle and pairing properties without breaking translational symmetry. Our approach provides a pathway to realize a variety of rich magnetic phases and Fermi surface reconstruction driven by interactions in the absence of explicit geometric frustration.