Combining fiber Bragg grating sensors and artificial intelligence in medicine

Healthcare has rapidly evolved in the last decades, driven by the demand for personalized therapies and advancements in enabling technologies. Among many solutions, fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors have gained significant acceptance in the medical field, due to their good static and dynamic performance, small dimensions, biocompatibility and immunity to electromagnetic interferences. The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) with FBGs is emerging as a breakthrough approach, enabling the design of smart systems for medical applications, like minimally invasive surgery, physiological monitoring, biomechanics, and medical biosensing. These systems harness the potential of FBGs and the advanced data processing capabilities of AI to improve diagnostics and therapeutic procedures. This perspective provides an overview of the sensing systems that combine FBG and AI technologies in medicine, focusing on their working principle, potentials, and challenges. It also explores the open research directions for encouraging further investigations in this field.