Pathogenetic association of inflammation and hemostasis markers in the blood of patients with injuries of large joints

Background. In patients with injuries of large joints, the activation of inflammation causes the risk of thrombophilia. The prediction of thrombotic complications and their prevention can improve the quality of treatment. The purpose: to investigate the data of scientific and medical literature on the pathogenetic association between markers of hemostasis and inflammation in patients with degenerative diseases and post-traumatic injuries of large joints. Materials and methods. The search for literature has been made in the PubMed database for 10 years. Sixty works were selected. Results. A total of 60 papers were selected for analysis. They recorded information about the relationship between the mechanisms of inflammation and hypercoagulability in patients with trauma. The specified data are given in this work. Conclusions. In the scientific and medical literature on orthopedics and traumatology, considerable attention is paid to the prevention of hypercoagulability in surgical treatment of patients with trauma, in particular, of large joints. Individuals with trauma or surgery on large joints have a correlation of biochemical and common clinical markers of inflammation, metabolism of glycoproteins, proteoglycans and collagen with laboratory indicators of hemostasis. In this case, with significant damage to the large joints, the formation of a vicious circle is observed: a decrease in plasminogen content, which under the action of activators is converted to plasmin, a trigger factor of the fibrinolytic system, that at the same time causes a decrease in fibrinolytic activity with the acceleration of dystrophic processes in the joints, accumulation in the blood serum of an excessive amount of acute phase glycoproteins. In addition, there is an increase in blood plasma of the following coagulation markers: fibrinogen, soluble fibrin monomer complexes, D-dimers, inflammatory markers such as glycoproteins, C-reactive protein, haptoglobin. From this, it follows that the prevention of postoperative hypercoagulability in patients with damage to large joints requires timely monitoring of significant biochemical indicators of the hemostasis system, inflammatory markers, as well as measures to prevent thrombophilia, including at the prehospital stage.