Flexible Conductive Dry Electrodes: A Customizable and Cost-Effective Approach for Biosignal Measurement

The development of wearable devices for biosignal monitoring holds significant promise for advancing physiological research and personalized healthcare. This work focuses on 3D-printed electrodes as a potentially efficient approach for that purpose. Conventional electrodes often suffer from limitations such as rigidity, discomfort, and high cost. We proposed a dry electrode design that is robust, flexible, customizable, and cost-effective, thus suitable for laboratory research and wearable devices. The design makes use of resin material and conductive ink with the utilization of 3D printing technology. We conducted experiments to assess the electrode's impedance and measure electromyography (EMG) and electrocardiography (ECG), which show the feasibility of the proposed design in biosignal acquisition. This electrode may provide accurate physiological signal measurement and is likely to be applied in wearable devices.