Empowering Mompreneurs: Competency Development and Its Role in Enhancing Family Income in Makassar City

This study investigates the development of competencies among mompreneurs in Makassar City and their impact on household income using a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) combined with empirical insights from interviews. The research systematically reviews existing literature on mompreneurship in Indonesia, particularly in Makassar City, while integrating findings from in-depth interviews with 20 mompreneurs to provide contextual validation. The results reveal that digital literacy, networking, financial management, and time management are crucial competencies that influence business sustainability. However, financial constraints, societal expectations, and lack of training remain barriers. Several previous studies in Makassar highlight similar challenges faced by microentrepreneurs, reinforcing the findings of this study. This research suggests that targeted entrepreneurship programs, government-backed financial assistance, and stronger business networks can enhance the sustainability and financial independence of mompreneurs.